In computer networking and telecommunications, route flapping occurs when a router alternately advertises a destination network via one route then another (or as unavailable, and then available again) in quick sequence. A closely related term is interface flapping where an interface on a router has a hardware failure that will cause the router to announce it alternately as "up" and "down".
Route flapping is caused by pathological conditions (hardware errors, software errors, configuration errors, intermittent errors in communications links, unreliable connections, etc.) within the network which cause certain reachability information to be repeatedly advertised and withdrawn. In a network where a Link-state routing protocol is run, route flapping will force frequent recalculation of the topology by all participating routers. In networks with Distance vector routing protocols flapping routes can trigger routing updates with every state change. In both cases, they prevent the network from converging.
Route flapping can be contained to a smaller area of the network if route aggregation is used. As an aggregate route will not be withdrawn as long as at least one of the aggregated subnets is still valid, a flapping route that is part of an aggregate will not disturb the routers that receive this aggregate.
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