Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the protocol which makes core routing decisions on the Internet. It maintains a table of IP networks or "prefixes" which designate network reach-ability among autonomous systems (AS). It is a path vector protocol, or a variant of a Distance-vector routing protocol. BGP does not use traditional Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) metrics, but makes routing decisions based on path, network policies and/or rule-sets. For this reason, it is more appropriately termed a reach-ability protocol rather than routing protocol.
BGP was created to replace the Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) to allow fully decentralized routing in order to transition from the core ARPAnet model to a decentralized system that included the NSFNET backbone and its associated regional networks. This allowed the Internet to become a truly decentralized system. Since 1994, version four of the BGP has been in use on the Internet. All previous versions are now obsolete. The major enhancement in version 4 was support of Classless Inter-Domain Routing and use of route aggregation to decrease the size of routing tables. Since January 2006, version 4 is codified in RFC 4271, which went through more than 20 drafts based on the earlier RFC 1771 version 4. RFC 4271 version corrected a number of errors, clarified ambiguities and brought the RFC much closer to industry practices.
Most Internet service providers must use BGP to establish routing between one another (especially if they are multihomed). Therefore, even though most Internet users do not use it directly, BGP is one of the most important protocols of the Internet. Compare this with Signaling System 7 (SS7), which is the inter-provider core call setup protocol on the PSTN. Very large private IP networks use BGP internally. An example would be the joining of a number of large OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) networks where OSPF by itself would not scale to size. Another reason to use BGP is multihoming a network for better redundancy, either to multiple access points of a single ISP (RFC 1998), or to multiple ISPs.
| Internet protocols |
|---|
| Application layer |
|
| Transport layer |
|
| Routing protocols * |
|
| Internet layer |
|
| Link layer |
|
| * Not a layer. A routing protocol belongs either to application or network layer. |
Read more about Border Gateway Protocol: Operation, BGP Router Connectivity and Learning Routes, Message Header Format, Requirements of A Router For Use of BGP For Internet and Backbone-of-backbones Purposes, Free and Open Source Implementations, Simulators, Test Equipment
Famous quotes containing the words border and/or gateway:
““Although our love is waning, let us stand
By the lone border of the lake once more,
Together in that hour of gentleness
When the poor tired child, Passion, falls asleep....””
—William Butler Yeats (1865–1939)
“The whole fauna of human fantasies, their marine vegetation, drifts and luxuriates in the dimly lit zones of human activity, as though plaiting thick tresses of darkness. Here, too, appear the lighthouses of the mind, with their outward resemblance to less pure symbols. The gateway to mystery swings open at the touch of human weakness and we have entered the realms of darkness. One false step, one slurred syllable together reveal a man’s thoughts.”
—Louis Aragon (1897–1982)