The effective nuclear charge (often symbolize as or Z*) is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom. The term "effective" is used because the shielding effect of negatively charged electrons prevents higher orbital electrons from experiencing the full nuclear charge by the repelling effect of inner-layer electrons. The effective nuclear charge experienced by the outer shell electron is also called the core charge. It is possible to determine the strength of the nuclear charge by looking at the oxidation number of the atom.
Read more about Effective Nuclear Charge: Calculating The Effective Nuclear Charge, Example, Values
Famous quotes containing the words effective, nuclear and/or charge:
“Knowledge about life is one thing; effective occupation of a place in life, with its dynamic currents passing through your being, is another.”
—William James (1842–1910)
“The emotional security and political stability in this country entitle us to be a nuclear power.”
—Ronald, Sir Mason (b. 1930)
“One can only call that youth healthful which refuses to be reconciled old ways and which, foolishly or shrewdly, combats the old. This is nature’s charge and all progress hinges upon it.”
—Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1860–1904)