American Chess Congress

The American Chess Congress was a series of chess tournaments held in the United States, a predecessor to the current U.S. Chess Championship. It had nine editions, the first played in 1857 and the last in 1923.

American Chess Congresses
# Year City Winner
1 1857 New York Paul Morphy (United States)
2 1871 Cleveland George Henry Mackenzie (United States)
3 1874 Chicago George Henry Mackenzie (United States)
4 1876 Philadelphia James Mason (Ireland)
5 1880 New York George Henry Mackenzie (United States)
6 1889 New York Mikhail Chigorin (Russia)
Max Weiss (Austria-Hungary)
7 1904 St. Louis Frank James Marshall (United States)
8 1921 Atlantic City Dawid Janowski (France)
9 1923 Lake Hopatcong Frank James Marshall (United States)
Abraham Kupchik (United States)

Read more about American Chess Congress:  First American Chess Congress (1857), Second American Chess Congress (1871), Third American Chess Congress, Fourth American Chess Congress, Fifth American Chess Congress (1880), Sixth American Chess Congress (1889), Seventh American Chess Congress (1904), Eighth American Chess Congress (1921), Ninth American Chess Congress (1923)

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    Henry Miller (1891–1980)

    Work, as we usually think of it, is energy expended for a further end in view; play is energy expended for its own sake, as with children’s play, or as manifestation of the end or goal of work, as in “playing” chess or the piano. Play in this sense, then, is the fulfillment of work, the exhibition of what the work has been done for.
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    Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865)