First American Chess Congress (1857)
The first American Chess Congress, organized by Daniel Willard Fiske and held in New York, October 6 to November 10, 1857, was won by Paul Morphy. It was a knockout tournament in which draws did not count. The top sixteen American players were invited (William Allison, Samuel Robert Calthrop, Daniel Willard Fiske, William James Fuller, Hiram Kennicott, Hubert Knott, Theodor Lichtenhein, Napoleon Marache, Hardman Philips Montgomery, Alexander Beaufort Meek, Paul Morphy, Louis Paulsen, Frederick Perrin, Benjamin Raphael, Charles Henry Stanley, and James Thompson). First prize was $300. Morphy refused any money, but accepted a silver service consisting of a pitcher, four goblets, and a tray. Morphy’s prize was given to him by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.
Shown on the right is lithograph of the First American Chess Congress 1857. All members of the Congress are shown, including those who did not play in the main tournament. Top row: Colonel Charles Mead (chairman), George Hammond, Frederic Perrin, Daniel Willard Fiske, Hiram Kennicott, and Hardman Philips Montgomery. Left column: Hubert Knott, Louis Paulsen, and William Allison. Bottom row: Theodore Lichtenhein, James Thompson, Charles Henry Stanley, Alexander Beaufort Meek, Samuel Robert Calthrop, and Napoleon Marache. Right column: William James Fuller, Paul Morphy, and Benjamin Raphael.
| First round | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | ||||||||||
| Paul Morphy (USA) | +3=0 | ||||||||||||
| James Thompson (ENG) | +0=0 | Paul Morphy (USA) | +3=0 | ||||||||||
| William James Appleton Fuller (USA) | +2=0 | Alexander Beaufort Meek (USA) | +0=0 | ||||||||||
| Alexander Beaufort Meek (USA) | +3=0 | Paul Morphy (USA) | +3=1 | ||||||||||
| Hubert Knott (USA) | +2=2 | Theodor Lichtenhein (GER) | +0=1 | ||||||||||
| Frederick Perrin (ENG) | +3=2 | Frederick Perrin (ENG) | +0=0 | ||||||||||
| Theodor Lichtenhein (GER) | +3=0 | Theodor Lichtenhein (GER) | +3=0 | ||||||||||
| Charles Henry Stanley (ENG) | +2=0 | Paul Morphy (USA) | +5=2 | ||||||||||
| Benjamin Raphael (USA) | +3=1 | Louis Paulsen (GER) | +1=2 | ||||||||||
| Hiram Kennicott (USA) | +2=1 | Benjamin Raphael (USA) | +3=2 | ||||||||||
| Daniel Fiske (USA) | +2=0 | Napoleon Marache (FRA) | +2=2 | ||||||||||
| Napoleon Marache (FRA) | +3=0 | Benjamin Raphael (USA) | +0=1 | Third place | |||||||||
| Samuel Robert Calthrop (ENG) | +0=0 | Louis Paulsen (GER) | +3=1 | ||||||||||
| Louis Paulsen (GER) | +3=0 | Louis Paulsen (GER) | +2=0 | Theodor Lichtenhein (GER) | +3=0 | ||||||||
| William Allison (USA) | +1=0 | Hardman Philips Montgomery (USA) | +0=0 | Benjamin Raphael (USA) | +0=0 | ||||||||
| Hardman Philips Montgomery (USA) | +3=0 | ||||||||||||
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