The Venona project was a long-running secret collaboration of the United States and United Kingdom intelligence agencies involving cryptanalysis of messages sent by intelligence agencies of the Soviet Union, the majority of them during World War II. At least 13 codewords for the project were used by American and British intelligence agencies, including the National Security Agency (NSA); "Venona", a term with no known meaning, was the last. (In the decrypted documents issued from the NSA, "VENONA" is written in capitals, but lowercase is common in modern journalism.) It was not until 1995 project materials were released by the U.S. government. Analysis supported some criminal spy cases, such as that against Julius Rosenberg for some of the charges, but cast doubt on the case against his wife Ethel Rosenberg.
Read more about Venona Project: Background, Decryption, Bearing of Venona On Particular Cases, Public Disclosure, Texas Textbook Controversy, Critical Views
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