Stoma

In botany, a stoma is a pore, found in the leaf and stem epidermis that is used for gaseous exchange. The pore is bordered by a pair of specialized cells known as guard cells that are responsible for regulating the size of the opening. The term stomata is also used collectively to refer to an entire stomatal complex, both the pore itself and its accompanying guard cells. Air containing carbon dioxide and oxygen enters the plant through these openings where it is used in photosynthesis and respiration, respectively. Oxygen produced by photosynthesis in the spongy layer cells (parenchyma cells with pectin) of the leaf interior exits through these same openings. Also, water vapor is released into the atmosphere through these pores in a process called transpiration.