History
"I think one of those games that people can 'project' themselves on. It does so many things and allows so many play styles that people can easily imagine what type of person they'd like to be in game."
—Todd HowardThe space simulator Elite is often credited with pioneering the open world game concept in 1984, though other early 2D games such as Bosconian (1981), Time Pilot (1982), Dragon Slayer (1984), Ginga Hyoryu Vifam (1984), Brain Breaker (1985), Star Luster (1985), Metroid (1986), Dragon Quest (1986) and The Legend of Zelda (1986) also featured free-roaming nonlinear open worlds. Furthermore, there were several early games that offered players the ability to explore an open world while driving a variety of ground vehicles. Turbo Esprit provided a 3D free-roaming city environment in 1986 and has been cited as a major influence on Grand Theft Auto. TX-1 (1983), The Battle-Road (1984) and Out Run (1986) were non-linear driving games that allowed the player to drive through multiple different paths that lead to different possible routes and final destinations. River City Ransom (1989) was an early sandbox brawler reminiscent of Grand Theft Auto. Test Drive III (1990) was a racing game where the player did not have to drive on a preset course, but could go wherever they want, i.e. drive off the road and onto the grass, hills and farms. Hunter (1991) has been described as the first sandbox game to feature full 3D, third-person graphics.
Maps in Quarantine (1994) featured various locations where missions could be picked up and also popularized the drive-by shooting tactic by using the Uzi to shoot out from the side windows. Nintendo's Super Mario 64 (1996) was considered revolutionary for its 3D open-ended free-roaming worlds, which had rarely been seen in 3D games before, along with its analog stick controls and camera control. Other early 3D examples include the Legend of Zelda games Ocarina of Time (1998) and Majora's Mask (2000), the DMA Design (Rockstar North) game Body Harvest (1998), the Angel Studios (Rockstar San Diego) games Midtown Madness (1999) and Midnight Club: Street Racing (2000), and the Reflections Interactive (Ubisoft Reflections) game Driver (1999).
Read more about this topic: Open World
Famous quotes containing the word history:
“While the Republic has already acquired a history world-wide, America is still unsettled and unexplored. Like the English in New Holland, we live only on the shores of a continent even yet, and hardly know where the rivers come from which float our navy.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“Jesus Christ belonged to the true race of the prophets. He saw with an open eye the mystery of the soul. Drawn by its severe harmony, ravished with its beauty, he lived in it, and had his being there. Alone in all history he estimated the greatness of man.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
“We are told that men protect us; that they are generous, even chivalric in their protection. Gentlemen, if your protectors were women, and they took all your property and your children, and paid you half as much for your work, though as well or better done than your own, would you think much of the chivalry which permitted you to sit in street-cars and picked up your pocket- handkerchief?”
—Mary B. Clay, U.S. suffragist. As quoted in History of Woman Suffrage, vol. 4, ch. 3, by Susan B. Anthony and Ida Husted Harper (1902)