Nucleophilic Substitution - Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions

Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions

There are many reactions in organic chemistry that involve this type of mechanism. Common examples include

  • Organic reductions with hydrides, for example
R-X → R-H using LiAlH4 (SN2)
  • hydrolysis reactions such as
R-Br + OH− → R-OH + Br− (SN2) or
R-Br + H2O → R-OH + HBr (SN1)
  • Williamson ether synthesis
R-Br + OR'− → R-OR' + Br− (SN2)
  • The Wenker synthesis, a ring-closing reaction of aminoalcohols.
  • The Finkelstein reaction, a halide exchange reaction. Phosphorus nucleophiles appear in the Perkow reaction and the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction.
  • The Kolbe nitrile synthesis, the reaction of alkyl halides with cyanides.

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