Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
There are many reactions in organic chemistry that involve this type of mechanism. Common examples include
- Organic reductions with hydrides, for example
-
- R-X → R-H using LiAlH4 (SN2)
- hydrolysis reactions such as
-
- R-Br + OH− → R-OH + Br− (SN2) or
- R-Br + H2O → R-OH + HBr (SN1)
- Williamson ether synthesis
-
- R-Br + OR'− → R-OR' + Br− (SN2)
- The Wenker synthesis, a ring-closing reaction of aminoalcohols.
- The Finkelstein reaction, a halide exchange reaction. Phosphorus nucleophiles appear in the Perkow reaction and the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction.
- The Kolbe nitrile synthesis, the reaction of alkyl halides with cyanides.
Read more about this topic: Nucleophilic Substitution
Famous quotes containing the words substitution and/or reactions:
“To play is nothing but the imitative substitution of a pleasurable, superfluous and voluntary action for a serious, necessary, imperative and difficult one. At the cradle of play as well as of artistic activity there stood leisure, tedium entailed by increased spiritual mobility, a horror vacui, the need of letting forms no longer imprisoned move freely, of filling empty time with sequences of notes, empty space with sequences of form.”
—Max J. Friedländer (1867–1958)
“In this Journal, my pen is a delicate needle point, tracing out a graph of temperament so as to show its daily fluctuations: grave and gay, up and down, lamentation and revelry, self-love and self-disgust. You get here all my thoughts and opinions, always irresponsible and often contradictory or mutually exclusive, all my moods and vapours, all the varying reactions to environment of this jelly which is I.”
—W.N.P. Barbellion (1889–1919)