Maximum Modulus Principle - Sketch of The Proof

Sketch of The Proof

One uses the equality

log f(z) = log |f(z)| + i arg f(z)

for complex natural logarithms to deduce that log |f(z)| is a harmonic function. Since z₀ is a local maximum for this function also, it follows from the maximum principle that |f(z)| is constant. Then, using the Cauchy-Riemann equations we show that f'(z)=0, and thus that f(z) is constant as well.

Another proof works by using Gauss's mean value theorem to "force" all points within overlapping open disks to assume the same value. The disks are laid such that their centers form a polygonal path from the value where f(z) is maximized to any other point in the domain, while being totally contained within the domain. Thus the existence of a maximum value implies that all the values in the domain are the same, thus f(z) is constant.

By switching to the reciprocal, we can get the minimum modulus principle. It states that if f is holomorphic within a bounded domain D, continuous up to the boundary of D, and non-zero at all points, then the modulus |f (z)| takes its minimum value on the boundary of D.

Alternatively, the maximum modulus principle can be viewed as a special case of the open mapping theorem, which states that a nonconstant holomorphic function maps open sets to open sets. If |f| attains a local maximum at a, then the image of a sufficiently small open neighborhood of a cannot be open. Therefore, f is constant.