Production
Naturally occurring manganese dioxide contains impurities and a considerable amount of manganese in its 3+ oxidation state. Only a limited number of deposits contain the γ modification in purity sufficient for the battery industry. The production of ferrite also requires high purity manganese dioxide. Therefore the production of synthetic manganese dioxide is important. Two groups of methods are used, yielding "chemical manganese dioxide" (CMD) and "electrolytical manganese dioxide" (EMD). The CMD is mostly used for the production of ferrites, whereas EMD is used for the production of batteries.
Read more about this topic: Manganese Dioxide
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“The myth of unlimited production brings war in its train as inevitably as clouds announce a storm.”
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—Ernest Gellner (b. 1925)
“[T]he asphaltum contains an exactly requisite amount of sulphides for production of rubber tires. This brown material also contains “ichthyol,” a medicinal preparation used externally, in Webster’s clarifying phrase, “as an alterant and discutient.””
—State of Utah, U.S. public relief program (1935-1943)