End of The Monarchy in France
Under the Legislative Assembly, which was in power before the proclamation of the First Republic, France was engaged in war with Prussia and Austria. In July 1792, the Duke of Brunswick, commanding general of the Austro–Prussian Army, issued his Brunswick Manifesto, in which he threatened the destruction of Paris should any harm come to King Louis XVI. The foreign threat exacerbated France's political turmoil amid the French Revolution and deepened the passion and sense of urgency among the various factions. In the violence of 10 August 1792, citizens stormed the Tuileries Palace, killing six hundred of the King’s Swiss guards and insisting on the removal of the king. A renewed fear of anti-revolutionary action prompted further violence, and in the first week of September 1792, mobs of Parisians broke into the city’s prisons, killing over half of the prisoners. This included nobles, clergymen, and political prisoners, but also numerous common criminals, such as prostitutes and petty thieves, many murdered in their cells—raped, stabbed, and slashed to death. This became known as the September Massacres.
Part of a series on the |
History of France |
|
Prehistory
- Palaeolithic
- Mesolithic
- Neolithic
- Copper Age
- Bronze Age
- Iron Age
|
Ancient
Greek colonies |
|
Celtic Gaul |
|
Roman Gaul |
50 BC – 486 AD |
|
Early Middle Ages
Franks |
|
Merovingians |
481–751 |
Carolingians |
751–987 |
|
Middle Ages
Direct Capetians |
987–1328 |
Valois |
1328–1498 |
|
Early modern
Valois-Orléans |
1498–1515 |
Valois-Angoulême |
1515–1589 |
House of Bourbon |
1589–1792 |
Kingdom of France |
1492–1791 |
French Revolution |
1789 |
Kingdom of the French |
1791–1792 |
|
19th century
First Republic |
1792–1804 |
National Convention |
1792–1795 |
Directory |
1795–1799 |
Consulate |
1799–1804 |
First Empire |
1804–1814 |
Restoration |
1814–1830 |
July Revolution |
1830 |
Second Republic |
1848–1852 |
Second Empire |
1852–1870 |
Third Republic |
1870–1940 |
Paris Commune |
1871 |
|
20th century
French State (Vichy) |
1940–1944 |
Provisional Government |
1944–1946 |
Fourth Republic |
1946–1958 |
Fifth Republic |
1958– |
|
France portal |
|
Governments of
France |
Gaul
|
|
Franks
|
|
Valois Dynasty
|
|
Bourbon Dynasty
|
|
First Republic
|
|
First Empire
|
|
Bourbon Restoration
|
|
July Monarchy
|
|
Second Republic
|
|
Second Empire
|
|
Third Republic
|
|
Vichy France
|
|
Provisional Government
of the French Republic
|
|
Fourth Republic
|
|
Fifth Republic
|
|
|