Firman

A firman or ferman at the constitutional level was a royal mandate or decree issued by a sovereign in certain historical Islamic states, including the Ottoman Empire, Mughal Empire, State of Hyderabad, and Iran under Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. During various periods they were collected and applied as traditional bodies of law. The word firman comes from the Persian: farmân (فرمان)‎ meaning "decree" or "order". In Turkish it is called a ferman.