Approximate Values
Young's modulus can vary somewhat due to differences in sample composition and test method. The rate of deformation has the greatest impact on the data collected, especially in polymers. The values here are approximate and only meant for relative comparison.
| Material | GPa | lbf/in² (psi) |
|---|---|---|
| Rubber (small strain) | 0.01–0.1 | |
| PTFE (Teflon) | 0.5 | 75,000 |
| Low density polyethylene | 0.238 | 34,000 |
| HDPE | 0.8 | |
| Polypropylene | 1.5-2 | |
| Bacteriophage capsids | 1–3 | 150,000–435,000 |
| Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) | 2-2.7 | |
| Polystyrene | 3-3.5 | |
| Nylon | 2–4 | 290,000–580,000 |
| Diatom frustules (largely silicic acid) | 0.35–2.77 | 50,000–400,000 |
| Medium-density fiberboard (MDF) | 4 | 580,000 |
| Pine wood (along grain) | 9 | 1,300,000 |
| Oak wood (along grain) | 11 | |
| Human Cortical Bone | 14 | 2,030,000 |
| Aromatic Peptide Nanotubes, | 19-27 | |
| High-strength concrete | 30 | |
| Hemp fiber | 35 | |
| Magnesium metal (Mg) | 45 | |
| Flax fiber | 58 | |
| Aluminum | 69 | 10,000,000 |
| Stinging nettle fiber | 87 | |
| Glass (see chart) | 50–90 | |
| Aramid | 70.5–112.4 | |
| Mother-of-pearl (nacre, largely calcium carbonate) | 70 | 10,000,000 |
| Tooth enamel (largely calcium phosphate) | 83 | 12,000,000 |
| Brass | 100–125 | |
| Bronze | 96-120 | |
| Titanium (Ti) | 16,000,000 | |
| Titanium alloys | 105–120 | 15,000,000–17,500,000 |
| Copper (Cu) | 117 | 17,000,000 |
| Glass-reinforced plastic (70/30 by weight fibre/matrix, unidirectional, along grain) | 40–45 | 5,800,000–6,500,000 |
| Glass-reinforced polyester matrix | 17.2 | 2,500,000 |
| Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (50/50 fibre/matrix, biaxial fabric) | 30-50 | |
| Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (70/30 fibre/matrix, unidirectional, along grain) | 181 | 26,300,000 |
| Silicon single crystal, different directions | 130-185 | |
| Wrought iron | 190–210 | |
| Steel (ASTM-A36) | 200 | 29,000,000 |
| polycrystalline Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) | 193 | 28,000,000 |
| single-crystal Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) | 200 | 30,000,000 |
| Aromatic Peptide Nanospheres | 230-275 | |
| Beryllium (Be) | 287 | 42,000,000 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 329 | |
| Tungsten (W) | 400–410 | |
| Sapphire (Al2O3) along C-axis | 435 | 63,000,000 |
| Silicon carbide (SiC) | 450 | |
| Osmium (Os) | 550 | 79,800,000 |
| Tungsten carbide (WC) | 450–650 | |
| Single-walled carbon nanotube | 1,000+ | 145,000,000+ |
| Graphene | 1000 | |
| Diamond (C) | 1220 | 150,000,000–175,000,000 |
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