Young temperament is a well temperament devised by Thomas Young, which he included in a letter to the Royal Society of London written July 9, 1799. It was read January 16, 1800 and included in the Society's Philosophical Transactions published that year.
Before closing, Young outlined a practical method to "make the harmony most perfect in those keys which are the most frequently used," by tuning upwards from C a sequence of six pure fourths, as well as "six equally imperfect fifths," in other words six progressively purer flat fifths. His goal was to give better major thirds in more commonly used keys, but to not have any unplayable keys. So in this system, the third C-E is only 1⁄4 of a comma (about 5 cents) wide ( Play) from just while the widest third is one syntonic comma too wide (about 21 cents Play). (A just major third is a perfect 5:4 ratio which is about 386 cents. Play) The thirds get wider as one moves around the circle of fifths like so:
| Major third | Deviation from just |
|---|---|
| C-E | 5 cents wide |
| G-B, F-A | 8 cents wide |
| B♭-D, D-F♯ | 10 cents wide |
| E♭-G, A-C♯ | 14 cents wide |
| A♭-C, E-G♯ | 18 cents wide |
| D♭-F, B-D♯ | 20 cents wide |
| G♭-B♭ | 21 cents wide |
The difference between twelve-tone equal temperament and Young's temperament rounded to the nearest cent is as follows:
| Note | Difference |
|---|---|
| A | 0 |
| B♭ | +6 |
| B | -2 |
| C | +6 |
| C♯ | 0 |
| D | +2 |
| E♭ | +4 |
| E | -2 |
| F | +6 |
| F♯ | -2 |
| G | +4 |
| G♯ | +2 |
In 1801 Young changed the tuning of E♭, which is included in the temperament published in the collection of his lectures in 1807.
For a more complete investigation of Young's temperament, see Jorgensen, pp. 251–265.
Famous quotes containing the words young and/or temperament:
“The young have stolen our youthfulness, and flaunt it without shame.”
—Mason Cooley (b. 1927)
“Temperament is the natural, inborn style of behavior of each individual. It’s the how of behavior, not the why.... The question is not, “Why does he behave a certain way if he doesn’t get a cookie?” but rather, “When he doesn’t get a cookie, how does he express his displeasure...?” The environment—and your behavior as a parent—can influence temperament and interplay with it, but it is not the cause of temperamental characteristics.”
—Stanley Turecki (20th century)