Vocabulary
The glossary compiled by Jacob Poole provides most of what is known about Yola vocabulary. Poole was a farmer and member of the Religious Society of Friends from Growtown in the Parish of Taghmon on the border between the baronies of Bargy and Shelmalier. He collected words and phrases from his tenants and farm labourers between 1800 and his death in 1827.
Although most of its vocabulary is Anglo-Saxon in origin, Yola contains many borrowings from Irish and French.
- Interrogative words
| English | Yola | Scots | Frisian | Dutch | German |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| who? | fho? | wha? |
wa? | wie? | wer? |
| what? | fade? | whit? |
wat? | wat? | was? |
| when? | fan? | whan? |
wanneer? | wann | |
| where? | fidi? | whaur? |
wêr? | waar? | wo? |
| why? | farthoo? | why? |
wêrom? | waarom? | warum? |
| which? | wich? | whilk? | welk? | welche | |
| how? | how? | hou? | hoe? | hoe? | wie? |
- Prepositions
| English | Yola | Scots | Frisian | Dutch | German |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| about | abut | aboot | om/rond | um/rund | |
| above | aboo | abuin | boppe | boven | über |
| against | ayenst | agin | tsjin | tegen | gegen |
| among | amang | amang | ûnder/tusken | onder/tussen | unter/zwischen |
| around | arent | aroond | om | om/rond | um |
| at/by | adh/bee | at/bi | by | bij | bei |
| before | avar | afore | foar | voor | vor |
| below/beneath/under | aloghe | ablo/anaith/unner | ûnder | beneden/onder | unten/unter |
| beside/next to | besithe/neeshte | asyd/neist | nêst/njonken | naast | neben |
| between | betweesk/beteesh | atwein/atweish | tusken | tussen | zwischen |
| for | vor | for | foar | voor | für |
| from | vrom/vrem/vreem | frae | fan | van | von |
| in | i/ing | in/i' | yn | in | in |
| out | ut/udh | oot | út | uit | aus |
| over | ower/oer | ower | oer | over | über |
| through | trugh | throu | troch | door | durch |
| upon | apan/pa | upon/upo' | op | op | auf |
| with | wee | wi | mei | met | mit |
- Pronouns
| English | Yola | Scots | Frisian | Dutch | German |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| all | aul | aw/aa | al | al | alle |
| any | aany/aught | onie | enig | einige | |
| each, every | earchee, earch/erich/everich | ilk, ilka/iverie | elk | elk, ieder | jeder |
| few | vew | few/a whein | {{{2}}} | wenig | |
| neither | nother | naither | weder | ||
| none, nothing | noucht, nodhing | nane, nocht | nimmen, neat | niemand, niets/niks | niemand, nichts |
| other | ooree/oree | ither | oar | ander | andere |
| some | zim | sum | somlike | sommige | einige |
| this, that | dhicke, dhicka | this, that | dizze, dat | deze, dat | dieser, das(s) |
- Other words
| Yola | English | Scots | Frisian | Dutch | German | Irish |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weisforthe | Wexford | Wexford | "Wexford" | "Wexford" (lit. "West-voorde") |
"Wexford" | Loch Garman |
| zin | sun | sun | sinne | zon | Sonne | Grian |
| loan, lhoan | land | land | lân | land | Land | Talamh |
| dei, die | day | day | dei | dag | Tag | Iá |
| theezil | yourself | yersel | dysels | jezelf dijzelf (obsolete) |
du selbst | tú féin |
| vriene | friend | frein | freon | vriend | Freund | Cara |
| a, ee | the | the | de, it | de, het | die, der, das, dem, den, des | a', an |
| dhing | thing | thing | ding | ding | Ding | rud |
| ee-go | go | gae/gang/gan | gean | gaan | gehen | imigh |
| vear | fear | fear | frees | vrees | Furcht | eagla |
| yola, yole | old | auld | âld | oud | alt | sean |
Read more about this topic: Yola Language
Famous quotes containing the word vocabulary:
“My vocabulary dwells deep in my mind and needs paper to wriggle out into the physical zone. Spontaneous eloquence seems to me a miracle. I have rewritten—often several times—every word I have ever published. My pencils outlast their erasers.”
—Vladimir Nabokov (1899–1977)
“[T]here is no breaking out of the intentional vocabulary by explaining its members in other terms.”
—Willard Van Orman Quine (b. 1908)
“A new talker will often call her caregiver “mommy,” which makes parents worry that the child is confused about who is who. She isn’t. This is a case of limited vocabulary rather than mixed-up identities. When a child has only one word for the female person who takes care of her, calling both of them “mommy” is understandable.”
—Amy Laura Dombro (20th century)