Vocabulary
The glossary compiled by Jacob Poole provides most of what is known about Yola vocabulary. Poole was a farmer and member of the Religious Society of Friends from Growtown in the Parish of Taghmon on the border between the baronies of Bargy and Shelmalier. He collected words and phrases from his tenants and farm labourers between 1800 and his death in 1827.
Although most of its vocabulary is Anglo-Saxon in origin, Yola contains many borrowings from Irish and French.
- Interrogative words
| English | Yola | Scots | Frisian | Dutch | German |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| who? | fho? | wha? |
wa? | wie? | wer? |
| what? | fade? | whit? |
wat? | wat? | was? |
| when? | fan? | whan? |
wanneer? | wann | |
| where? | fidi? | whaur? |
wêr? | waar? | wo? |
| why? | farthoo? | why? |
wêrom? | waarom? | warum? |
| which? | wich? | whilk? | welk? | welche | |
| how? | how? | hou? | hoe? | hoe? | wie? |
- Prepositions
| English | Yola | Scots | Frisian | Dutch | German |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| about | abut | aboot | om/rond | um/rund | |
| above | aboo | abuin | boppe | boven | über |
| against | ayenst | agin | tsjin | tegen | gegen |
| among | amang | amang | ûnder/tusken | onder/tussen | unter/zwischen |
| around | arent | aroond | om | om/rond | um |
| at/by | adh/bee | at/bi | by | bij | bei |
| before | avar | afore | foar | voor | vor |
| below/beneath/under | aloghe | ablo/anaith/unner | ûnder | beneden/onder | unten/unter |
| beside/next to | besithe/neeshte | asyd/neist | nêst/njonken | naast | neben |
| between | betweesk/beteesh | atwein/atweish | tusken | tussen | zwischen |
| for | vor | for | foar | voor | für |
| from | vrom/vrem/vreem | frae | fan | van | von |
| in | i/ing | in/i' | yn | in | in |
| out | ut/udh | oot | út | uit | aus |
| over | ower/oer | ower | oer | over | über |
| through | trugh | throu | troch | door | durch |
| upon | apan/pa | upon/upo' | op | op | auf |
| with | wee | wi | mei | met | mit |
- Pronouns
| English | Yola | Scots | Frisian | Dutch | German |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| all | aul | aw/aa | al | al | alle |
| any | aany/aught | onie | enig | einige | |
| each, every | earchee, earch/erich/everich | ilk, ilka/iverie | elk | elk, ieder | jeder |
| few | vew | few/a whein | {{{2}}} | wenig | |
| neither | nother | naither | weder | ||
| none, nothing | noucht, nodhing | nane, nocht | nimmen, neat | niemand, niets/niks | niemand, nichts |
| other | ooree/oree | ither | oar | ander | andere |
| some | zim | sum | somlike | sommige | einige |
| this, that | dhicke, dhicka | this, that | dizze, dat | deze, dat | dieser, das(s) |
- Other words
| Yola | English | Scots | Frisian | Dutch | German | Irish |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weisforthe | Wexford | Wexford | "Wexford" | "Wexford" (lit. "West-voorde") |
"Wexford" | Loch Garman |
| zin | sun | sun | sinne | zon | Sonne | Grian |
| loan, lhoan | land | land | lân | land | Land | Talamh |
| dei, die | day | day | dei | dag | Tag | Iá |
| theezil | yourself | yersel | dysels | jezelf dijzelf (obsolete) |
du selbst | tú féin |
| vriene | friend | frein | freon | vriend | Freund | Cara |
| a, ee | the | the | de, it | de, het | die, der, das, dem, den, des | a', an |
| dhing | thing | thing | ding | ding | Ding | rud |
| ee-go | go | gae/gang/gan | gean | gaan | gehen | imigh |
| vear | fear | fear | frees | vrees | Furcht | eagla |
| yola, yole | old | auld | âld | oud | alt | sean |
Read more about this topic: Yola Language
Famous quotes containing the word vocabulary:
“Institutional psychiatry is a continuation of the Inquisition. All that has really changed is the vocabulary and the social style. The vocabulary conforms to the intellectual expectations of our age: it is a pseudo-medical jargon that parodies the concepts of science. The social style conforms to the political expectations of our age: it is a pseudo-liberal social movement that parodies the ideals of freedom and rationality.”
—Thomas Szasz (b. 1920)
“I have a vocabulary all my own. I “pass the time” when it is wet and disagreeable. When it is fine I do not wish to pass it; I ruminate it and hold on to it. We should hasten over the bad, and settle upon the good.”
—Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592)
“[T]here is no breaking out of the intentional vocabulary by explaining its members in other terms.”
—Willard Van Orman Quine (b. 1908)