The Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Yakut ASSR, Sakha: Саха автономнай сэбиэскэй социалистическэй республиката, Russian: Якутская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика (ЯАССР)) was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR within the Soviet Union.
It was created on April 27, 1922, during the Yakut Revolt. It is now Sakha (Yakutia) Republic of Russia. Yakut ASSR is known for its rich oil deposits, and refineries. It is a part of the Far Eastern Federal Okrug, it is also a part of the Far Eastern economic region. Sakha was founded in 12th century by the legendary king Ellei from the Central Asia.
It voluntarily joined the Russian Moscow Czardom in exchange for the support given to it in its conquest of the Far East and North-East Asia. Sakha (Yakutia) is a presidential republic. Its constitution was adopted in 1992. The executive power branch is headed by the President elected together with the Vice-President by all the population on the basis of a universal secret ballot for five years. The highest legislative authority is the State Assembly of Yakutia (Il Tumen) consisting of two chambers: the upper chamber – the Chamber of the Republic, and the lower – the Chamber of Representatives. Executive power is directly exercised by the Government headed by the Chairman.
The industry of Yakutia is focused on production and enrichment of raw materials since the Republic is rich of natural resources. The main industries are as follows:
- Non-ferrous metallurgy, primarily diamonds and gold (90% of all Russian diamonds and 24% of all the Russian gold is produced in Yakutia). Joint-Stock Company ALROSA is the world’s largest producer of diamonds and the world’s second largest seller.
- Coal-mining industry
- Production of construction materials
- Lumber and woodworking industry
According to current assessments the Republic has about 800 kimberlite pipes, 150 of which contain diamonds including 13 containing diamonds in commercial quantities. Yakutia diamond province is the largest in Russia with a 90-% share of the total reserves and a 95-% share of production.
Specialized oil and gas reserve areas cover almost all the south-western part of the Republic which has a high concentration of large gas, gas condensate, and oil-gas fields.
The territory of Yakutia covers three time zones which have the following time differences with the Moscow time zone: +6, +7, and + 8 hours.
The population density in Yakutia is the lowest in the Russian Federation.
Yakutia is one of the Russian regions rich of water resources (700,000 large and small rivers and more than 800,000 lakes). According to assessments, the Republic’s potential hydropower resources amount to 700 billion kW
Russian Federation
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