William Talbot may refer to:
- William Talbot (bishop) (1658–1730), Bishop of Oxford, Salisbury and Bishop of Durham
- William Fox Talbot (1800–1877), inventor of the negative / positive photographic process
- William F. Talbot, first director of SRI International
- Talbot v. Janson, the Supreme Court case involving an American named William Talbot
- William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot (1710–1782), British nobleman and politician
- Billy Talbot (born 1943), U.S. singer-songwriter
- William Talbot (MP for Cornwall), see Cornwall (UK Parliament constituency)