John Barbour may refer to:
- John Barbour (poet) (c. 1316–1395), Scottish poet
- John S. Barbour (1790–1855), U.S. congressman from Virginia
- John S. Barbour, Jr. (1820–1892), his son, also a politician from Virginia
- John Strode Barbour (1866–1952), American newspaper editor, lawyer, mayor, and statesman
- John Barbour (actor) (born 1934?), Canadian-born broadcaster and television personality in the United States
- Sir John Milne Barbour, known as Milne Barbour (1868–1951), Northern Irish politician
- John Barbour (clothing maker), namesake of J. Barbour & Sons, a British manufacturer of outerwear
- John Baxter Barbour, Jr. (1862-1929), president of Pittsburgh Stock Exchange