Family Division
The Siouan family proper consists of some 18 languages and various dialects:
I. Missouri River Siouan (AKA Crow–Hidatsa)
- 1. Crow (AKA Absaroka, Apsaroka, Apsaalooke, Upsaroka)
- 2. Hidatsa (AKA Gros Ventre, Minitari, Minnetaree)
II. Mandan Siouan
- 3. Mandan
- a. Nuptare
- b. Neutare
III. Mississippi Valley Siouan (AKA Central Siouan)
- ? Michigamea (†)
- A. Dakotan (AKA Sioux–Assiniboine–Stoney)
- 4. Sioux
- a. Santee–Sisseton (AKA Santee, Eastern Sioux, Eastern Dakota)
- i. Santee
- ii. Sisseton
- b. Yankton–Yanktonai (AKA Yankton, Central Sioux, Eastern Dakota)
- i. Yankton
- ii. Yanktonai
- c. Lakota (AKA Lakhota, Teton, Western Sioux)
- i. Northern Lakota
- ii. Southern Lakota
- a. Santee–Sisseton (AKA Santee, Eastern Sioux, Eastern Dakota)
- 5. Assiniboine (AKA Assiniboin, Nakhóta, Nakhóda, Nakhóna)
- 6. Stoney (AKA Alberta Assiniboine, Nakhóda)
- 4. Sioux
- B. Chiwere–Winnebago (AKA Chiwere)
- 7. Chiwere (AKA Ioway–Otoe–Missouria, Ioway–Otoe)
- a. Iowa (AKA Ioway)
- b. Otoe (AKA Oto, Jiwere)
- c. Missouria (AKA Missouri)
- 8. Winnebago (AKA Hocák, Hochunk, Hochank, Hocangara, Hotcangara, Hochangara)
- 7. Chiwere (AKA Ioway–Otoe–Missouria, Ioway–Otoe)
- C. Dhegiha
- 9. Omaha–Ponca
- a. Omaha
- b. Ponca (AKA Ponka)
- 10. Kansa–Osage
- a. Kansa (AKA Kanza, Kaw) (†)
- b. Osage
- 11. Quapaw (AKA Kwapa, Kwapaw, Arkansas) (†)
- 9. Omaha–Ponca
IV. Ohio Valley Siouan (AKA Southeastern Siouan) (†)
- A. Virginia Siouan (AKA Tutelo) (†)
- 12. Tutelo-Saponi, Monacan (†)
- 13. Moneton (†)
- B. Mississippi Siouan (AKA Ofo–Biloxi) (†)
- 14. Biloxi (†)
- 15. Ofo (AKA Ofogoula) (†)
(†) – Extinct language
Another view of both the Dakotan and Mississippi Valley branches is to represent them as dialect continuums.
All the Virginia Siouan dialects listed here are thought to have been closely related to one another; the term Tutelo language is also used in reference to their common tongue.
Read more about this topic: Western Siouan Languages
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—François Rabelais (14941553)
“That crazed girl improvising her music,
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Her soul in division from itself
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Her knee-cap broken.”
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