Wei Zhuang - Service Under Wang Jian During Tang Dynasty

Service Under Wang Jian During Tang Dynasty

After the warlord Wang Jian conquered Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu, Sichuan) in 891, then-reigning Emperor Zhaozong (Emperor Xizong's brother and successor) sent Wei Zhuang and Li Xun (李洵) to Xichuan to commission Wang as the deputy military governor of circuit. (Wang would shortly after be made full military governor (Jiedushi).) Wang kept both of them on his staff, and they served as his secretaries, along with Feng Juan (馮涓). It was said that the documents that he drafted for Wang did not use decorative language and yet were expressive and well-written.

In 903, by which time Emperor Zhaozong had come under control of another major warlord, Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan), Wang Jian sent Wei to submit tributes to the emperor and to form a friendly relationship with Zhu. It was said that Wei pleased Zhu with his words, such that Zhu subsequently sent his subordinate Wang Yin (王殷) to accompany Wei, to serve as a return emissary to Wang.

In 904, as part of Zhu's plan to eventually seized the throne, Zhu assassinated Emperor Zhaozong, whom he had earlier forcibly moved from Chang'an to Luoyang, and replaced him with his son Emperor Ai, while blaming the assassination as unauthorized actions by the officers he sent to carry out the assassination, his adoptive son Zhu Yougong (朱友恭) and Shi Shucong (氏叔琮). When the imperial official Sima Qing (司馬卿) reached Wang's domain in early 905 to announce Emperor Zhaozong's death, Wang, under advice by Wei, refused to receive Sima, and instead had his adoptive son Wang Zongwan (王宗綰) the military governor of Wuding Circuit (武定, headquartered in modern Hanzhong, Shaanxi) meet with Sima and announce an open break with Zhu:

The officers and soldiers of the Shu region had enjoyed the grace of Tang Dynasty for generations. Last year, when we heard that the emperor's train had gone east, we submitted 20 petitions and received no responses. Only until deserters from Bian Prefecture arrived did we find out that the late emperor has been murdered by Zhu Quanzhong. The officers and soldiers of Shu have been preparing their arms day and night, seeking to avenge the emperor. I do not know what you will be announcing here, imperial messenger. You should consider what is best for yourself.

In 906, Wang Jian formed a mobile imperial government and began to exercise imperial powers. As part of the organization of the imperial government, he made Wei his deputy in his role as the comforter (安撫使, Anfushi).

In 907, Zhu forced Emperor Ai to yield the throne to him, ending Tang and starting a new Later Liang Dynasty as its Emperor Taizu. Wang and several other regional warlords refused to recognize the Later Liang emperor and, initially, continued to use era names of the defunct Tang imperial regime to signify an intent to rebuild Tang. Wang and Yang Wo the military governor of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) also issued a joint declaration denouncing the Later Liang emperor as an usurper and calling on the entire realm to rise against him. However, with the declaration not causing Later Liang subjects to rise en masse, Wang began to consider declaring himself emperor as well, an idea that Wei was particularly in favor. Under Wei's suggestion, he declared a three-day general mourning for the fall of Tang, but then declared himself emperor of a new state of Shu (known in history as Former Shu).