Occurrence
Pharyngeal consonants are not widespread. Sometimes, a pharyngeal approximant develops from a uvular approximant, as with the rhotic of Danish when it precedes . Many languages claiming to have pharyngeal fricatives or approximants turn out on closer inspection to have epiglottal consonants instead. For example, the candidate /ʕ/ sound in Arabic and standard Hebrew (not modern Hebrew — Israelis of eastern European background generally pronounce this as a glottal stop) has been variously described as a voiced epiglottal fricative, an epiglottal approximant, or a pharyngealized glottal stop.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | сэлам алейкум | 'hello' | |||
| Avar | гӀоркь | 'handle' | |||
| Berber | Kabyle | ɛemmi | 'my (paternal) uncle ' | written as ⟨â⟩ in most other Berber languages | |
| Chechen | Ӏан / jan | 'winter' | |||
| Hebrew | Iraqi | עברית | 'Hebrew language' | See Modern Hebrew phonology | |
| Yeminite | |||||
| Sephardi | |||||
| Kabardian | сэлам алейкум | 'hello' | |||
| Kurdish | ‘ewr | 'cloud' | Both Sorani and Kurmanji dialects have this sound | ||
| Occitan | southern Auvergnat | pala | 'shovel' | See Occitan phonology | |
| Somali | caadi | 'normal' | See Somali phonology | ||
| Sioux | Stoney | marazhud | 'rain' | ||
| Syriac | Turoyo | ܐܰܪܥܳܐ | 'earth (planet)' | ʕ is often not pronounced in Eastern Syriac varieties | |
Read more about this topic: Voiced Pharyngeal Fricative
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