Occurrence
True dental consonants are relatively uncommon. In the Romance languages, /d/ is often called dental. However, the rearmost contact (which is what gives a consonant its distinctive sound) is actually alveolar, or perhaps denti-alveolar. The difference between the /d/ sounds of the Romance languages and English is not so much where the tongue contacts the roof of the mouth as which part of the tongue makes the contact. In English, it is the tip of the tongue (such sounds are termed apical), whereas in a number of Romance languages, it is usually the blade of the tongue just behind the tip (such sounds are called laminal).
- True dental
- Laminal (denti-)alveolar
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armenian | Eastern | դեմք /demk’ | 'face' | ||
| Western | տալ /tal | 'to give' | |||
| Basque | diru | 'money' | |||
| Bengali | দাম | 'price' | Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. See Bengali phonology | ||
| Catalan | dit | 'finger' | See Catalan phonology | ||
| Dinka | dhek | 'distinct' | Contrasts with alveolar /d/ | ||
| Dutch | Belgian | ding | 'thing' | ||
| English | Irish | that | 'that' | Corresponds to /ð/ in other dialects. See English phonology | |
| Broad SAE | dawn | 'dawn' | Corresponds to in other dialects. | ||
| Georgian | კუდი | 'tail' | |||
| Hindi | दाल | 'lentils' | Hindi contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. See Hindi-Urdu phonology | ||
| Irish | dorcha | 'dark' | See Irish phonology | ||
| Italian | dare | 'to give' | See Italian phonology | ||
| Marathi | दगड | 'stone' | Marathi contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. See Marathi phonology | ||
| Pashto | ﺪﻮﻩ | 'two' | |||
| Polish | dom | 'home' | See Polish phonology | ||
| Portuguese | dar | 'to give' | Likely to have allophones among native speakers, as it may affricate to, and/or or lenite to in certain environments. See Portuguese phonology | ||
| Russian | дышать | 'to breathe' | Contrasts with a palatalized voiced alveolar stop. See Russian phonology | ||
| Spanish | hundido | 'sunken' | See Spanish phonology | ||
| Swedish | dag | 'day' | See Swedish phonology | ||
| Turkish | dal | 'twig' | See Turkish phonology | ||
| Ukrainian | дерево | 'tree' | See Ukrainian phonology | ||
| Urdu | دودھ | 'milk' | Urdu contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. See Hindi-Urdu phonology | ||
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan | 'dan' | 'countryside' | ||
Read more about this topic: Voiced Dental Stop
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