Vibronic coupling, nonadiabatic coupling or derivative coupling in a molecule involves the interaction between electronic and nuclear vibrational motion. The term "vibronic" originates from the concatenation of the terms "vibrational" and "electronic". The word coupling denotes the idea that in a molecule, vibrational and electronic interactions are interrelated and influence each other, and the magnitude of vibronic coupling reflects the degree of such interrelation.
In theoretical chemistry, the vibronic coupling is neglected within the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. Vibronic couplings are crucial to the understanding of nonadiabatic processes, especially near points of conical intersections. The direct calculation of vibronic couplings is not common due to difficulties associated with its evaluation.
Read more about Vibronic Coupling: Definition, Crossings and Avoided Crossings of Potential Energy Surfaces, Difficulties and Alternatives, Theoretical Development
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