Construction
In the following, N is the number of divisions the maker wishes to show at a finer level of measure.
- Direct vernier
- Direct verniers are the most common. The indicating scale is constructed so that when its zero point is coincident with the start of the data scale, its graduations are at a slightly smaller spacing than those on the data scale and so none but the last graduation coincide with any graduations on the data scale. N graduations of the indicating scale would cover N-1 graduations of the data scale.
- Retrograde vernier
- Retrograde verniers are found on some devices, including surveying instruments. A retrograde vernier is similar to the direct vernier except its graduations are at a slightly larger spacing. N graduations of the indicating scale would cover N+1 graduations of the data scale. The retrograde vernier also extends backwards along the data scale.
Direct and retrograde verniers are read in the same manner.
Read more about this topic: Vernier Scale
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