Background
Early computers generally had one logic unit that sequentially executed one instruction on one operand pair at a time. Computer programs and programming languages were accordingly designed to execute sequentially. Modern computers can do many things at once. Many optimizing compilers feature auto-vectorization, a compiler feature where particular parts of sequential programs are transformed into equivalent parallel ones, to produce code which will well utilize a vector processor. For a compiler to produce such efficient code for a programming language intended for use on a vector-processor would be much simpler, but, as much real-world code is sequential, the optimization is of great utility.
Loop vectorization converts procedural loops that iterate over multiple pairs of data items and assigns a separate processing unit to each pair. Most programs spend most of their execution times within such loops. Vectorizing loops can lead to orders of magnitude performance gains without programmer intervention, especially on large data sets. Vectorization can sometimes instead slow execution because of pipeline synchronization, data movement timing and other issues.
Intel's MMX, SSE, AVX and Power Architecture's AltiVec and ARM's NEON instruction sets support such vectorized loops.
Many constraints prevent or hinder vectorization. Loop dependence analysis identifies loops that can be vectorized, relying on the data dependence of the instructions inside loops.
Read more about this topic: Vectorization (parallel Computing)
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