Biogeography
Prior to recent studies, V. jacobsoni was considered homogeneous; however, current research has detected genetic variance among populations by using genetic markers. This finding has led to the belief that V. jacobsoni was introduced to the Americas multiple times. The hosts switch between the eastern A. cerana and the western A. mellifera is the major factor that broadens the pathological transmission of V. jacobsoni. It has spread worldwide with the exception of Australia, central Africa, and New Zealand.
Read more about this topic: Varroa Jacobsoni