The National Olympic Committee for Vanuatu was created in 1987 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee that same year. Vanuatu first participated at the Olympic Games in 1988 and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then. The nation has never participated in the Winter Olympic Games.
As of 2011, no Vanuatu athlete has ever won an Olympic medal.
Up to and including the 2008 Summer Olympics, Vanuatu have sent 22 athletes to the Games. For the 2012 Summer Olympics, Vanuatu have so far qualified five competitors.
| # | Event Year | Season | Athletes | Sports |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | 2012 | Summer | 5 (four men and one woman) | 3 |
| 6 | 2008 | Summer | 3 (one man and two women) | 2 |
| 5 | 2004 | Summer | 2 (one man and one woman) | 1 |
| 4 | 2000 | Summer | 3 (two men and one woman) | 2 |
| 3 | 1996 | Summer | 4 (three men and one woman) | 1 |
| 2 | 1992 | Summer | 6 (four men and two women) | 1 |
| 1 | 1988 | Summer | 4 (three men and one woman) | 2 |