Since 1980s: International Competition and Standardisation Efforts
On a multinational scale, due to the heterogeneous telecommunication economy and infrastructure before the market penetration of the Internet, management of a VAN Service proved a complicated task leading to the idea of "user defined networks", a concept preceding the nowadays ubiquitous availability of internet service. Standardization efforts for data networking were made by ITU-T (former CCIT) and included X.25 (Packet-switched network) and X.400 (Message handling system), specifically motivated by an emerging transatlantic competition in the early 1990s.
Read more about this topic: Value-added Network
Famous quotes containing the words competition and/or efforts:
“Like many businessmen of genius he learned that free competition was wasteful, monopoly efficient. And so he simply set about achieving that efficient monopoly.”
—Mario Puzo (b. 1920)
“Mistakes, scandals, and failures no longer signal catastrophe. The crucial thing is that they be made credible, and that the public be made aware of the efforts being expended in that direction. The “marketing” immunity of governments is similar to that of the major brands of washing powder.”
—Jean Baudrillard (b. 1929)