In quantum field theory, and specifically quantum electrodynamics, vacuum polarization describes a process in which a background electromagnetic field produces virtual electron–positron pairs that change the distribution of charges and currents that generated the original electromagnetic field. It is also sometimes referred to as the self energy of the gauge boson (photon). The effects of vacuum polarization were observed experimentally in 1997 using the TRISTAN particle accelerator in Japan.
Read more about Vacuum Polarization: Explanation, Vacuum Polarization Tensor, Note
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