Orders
- Alfisols — moderately weathered, form under boreal or broadleaf forests, rich in iron and aluminum
- Andisols — form in volcanic ash and defined as containing high proportions of glass and amorphous colloidal materials, including allophane, imogolite and ferrihydrite
- Aridisols — (from the Latin aridus, for “dry”) form in an arid or semiarid climate
- Entisols — do not show any "significant" soil profile development. Minimal soil horizons.
- Gelisols — soils of very cold climates which are defined as containing permafrost within two meters of the soil surface
- Histosols — consist primarily of organic materials
- Inceptisols — form quickly through alteration of parent material
- Mollisols — form in semiarid to semihumid areas, typically under a grassland cover
- Oxisols — best known for their occurrence in tropical rain forest
- Spodosols — typical soils of coniferous or boreal forests
- Ultisols — commonly known as red clay soils
- Vertisols — high content of expansive clay
Read more about this topic: USDA Soil Taxonomy
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