Deportations
Buford's most notorious incarnation followed a few months later when she was turned into the "Soviet Ark" (or "Red Ark"). On December 21, 1919, she was used to deport 249 political radicals and other "undesirable" aliens, among them the fiery anarchists Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman, to the Russian SFSR. This occurred between the first and second Palmer Raids of the first "Red Scare" period in the U.S. After delivering her charges, Buford returned to New York on February 22, 1920.
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