Urban Communities In France
In France, urban communities (French: communauté urbaine) are the most integrated form of intercommunality in France. An urban community is composed of a city (commune) and its independent suburbs (independent communes).
The first urban communities were created by the French Parliament on 31 December 1966. Originally there were only four, found in the metropolitan areas of Bordeaux, Lille, Lyon and Strasbourg. Later, others were created in other metropolitan areas. The purpose of the urban communities was to achieve cooperation and joint administration between large cities and their independent suburbs. This step often followed failed attempts to merge the communes within a metropolitan area. The status of the urban communities was modified by the Chevènement Law of 1999.
Unlike agglomeration communities and commune communities, communes cannot leave an urban community freely.
As of 1 January 2009, there are 16 urban communities in France (all in metropolitan France), with a combined population of 7.47 million inhabitants (as of Jan. 2006 census, in 2009 limits). All of the urban areas in France with more than half a million inhabitants are urban communities, except for Paris. The Île-de-France, which is one of the regions of France, effectively provides a combined administrative unit covering the Paris urban area. Some urban communities are relatively small; smaller than many agglomeration communities.
The Urban communities are administrated by a council called "conseil communautaire" (council of community), composed by a proportional representation of members of municipal councils of member towns. The council is headed by an executive composed by a president and vice-presidents elected by the council. The president may be in often cases the mayor of the main city, or the most populated city. The mayors of the others cities are often also vice-presidents of the executive, the deputies-mayors are often members of the council, also composed by members of the towns councils.
Read more about Urban Communities In France: List of The 16 Urban Communities
Famous quotes containing the words urban, communities and/or france:
“I have misplaced the Van Allen belt
the sewers and the drainage,
the urban renewal and the suburban centers.
I have forgotten the names of the literary critics.”
—Anne Sexton (1928–1974)
“His Majesty’s Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.”
—A.J. (Arthur James)
“It is not enough that France should be regarded as a country which enjoys the remains of a freedom acquired long ago. If she is still to count in the world—and if she does not intend to, she may as well perish—she must be seen by her own citizens and by all men as an ever-flowing source of liberty. There must not be a single genuine lover of freedom in the whole world who can have a valid reason for hating France.”
—Simone Weil (1909–1943)