Universal Quantification - Universal Closure

The universal closure of a formula φ is the formula with no free variables obtained by adding a universal quantifier for every free variable in φ. For example, the universal closure of

is

.

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Famous quotes containing the word universal:

    “And universal Nature, through her vast
    And crowded whole, an infinite paroquet,
    Repeats one note.”
    —Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)