United Nations Security Council Resolution 1564, adopted on 18 September 2004, after recalling resolutions 1502 (2003), 1547 (2004) and 1556 (2004), the Council threatened the imposition of sanctions against Sudan if it failed to comply with its obligations on Darfur, and an internaional inquiry was established to investigate violations of human rights in the region.
The resolution, sponsored by Germany, Romania, the United Kingdom and United States, was adopted by 11 votes in favour to none against and four abstentions from Algeria, China, Pakistan and Russia. The abstaining countries expressed reservations about the threat of sanctions. It was the first time a Security Council resolution had invoked the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide by establishing the international inquiry.
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“We have been here over forty years, a longer period than the children of Israel wandered through the wilderness, coming to this Capitol pleading for this recognition of the principle that the Government derives its just powers from the consent of the governed. Mr. Chairman, we ask that you report our resolution favorably if you can but unfavorably if you must; that you report one way or the other, so that the Senate may have the chance to consider it.”
—Anna Howard Shaw (1847–1919)