Ultimate Tensile Strength - Typical Tensile Strengths

Typical Tensile Strengths

Typical tensile strengths of some materials
Material Yield strength
(MPa)		 Ultimate strength
(MPa)		 Density
(g/cm³)
Structural steel ASTM A36 steel 250 400 7.8
Carbon steel 1090 250 841 7.58
Human skin 15 20 2.2
Micro-Melt® 10 Tough Treated Tool Steel (AISI A11) 5171 5205 7.45
2800 Maraging steel 2617 2693 8.00
AerMet 340 2160 2430 7.86
Sandvik Sanicro 36Mo logging cable Precision Wire 1758 2070 8.00
AISI 4130 Steel, water quenched 855°C (1570°F), 480°C (900°F) temper 951 1110 7.85
Titanium 11 (Ti-6Al-2Sn-1.5Zr-1Mo-0.35Bi-0.1Si), Aged 940 1040 4.50
Steel, API 5L X65 448 531 7.8
Steel, high strength alloy ASTM A514 690 760 7.8
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) 26-33 37 0.95
Polypropylene 12-43 19.7-80 0.91
Stainless steel AISI 302 - Cold-rolled 520 860 8.19
Cast iron 4.5% C, ASTM A-48 130 200
"Liquidmetal" alloy 1723 550-1600 6.1
Beryllium 99.9% Be 345 448 1.84
Aluminium alloy 2014-T6 414 483 2.8
Polyester resin (unreinforced) 55
Polyester and Chopped Strand Mat Laminate 30% E-glass 100
S-Glass Epoxy composite 2358
Aluminium alloy 6063-T6 248 2.63
Copper 99.9% Cu 70 220 8.92
Cupronickel 10% Ni, 1.6% Fe, 1% Mn, balance Cu 130 350 8.94
Brass 200 + 550 5.3
Tungsten 1510 19.25
Glass 33 2.53
E-Glass N/A 1500 for laminates,
3450 for fibers alone		 2.57
S-Glass N/A 4710 2.48
Basalt fiber N/A 4840 2.7
Marble N/A 15
Concrete N/A 3 2.7
Carbon fiber N/A 1600 for Laminate,
4137 for fiber alone		 1.75
Carbon fiber (Toray T1000G) 6370 fibre alone 1.80
Human hair 380
Bamboo 350-500 0.4
Spider silk (See note below) 1000 1.3
Darwin's bark spider silk 1652
Silkworm silk 500 1.3
Aramid (Kevlar or Twaron) 3620 2757 1.44
UHMWPE 24 52 0.97
UHMWPE fibers (Dyneema or Spectra) 2300-3500 0.97
Vectran 2850-3340
Polybenzoxazole (Zylon) 2700 1.56
Pine wood (parallel to grain) 40
Bone (limb) 104-121 130 1.6
Nylon, type 6/6 45 75 1.15
Epoxy adhesive - 12 - 30 -
Rubber - 15
Boron N/A 3100 2.46
Silicon, monocrystalline (m-Si) N/A 7000 2.33
Silicon carbide (SiC) N/A 3440
Ultra-pure silica glass fiber-optic strands 4100
Sapphire (Al2O3) 400 at 25*C, 275 at 500*C, 345 at 1000*C 1900 3.9-4.1
Boron Nitride Nanotube N/A 33000 ?
Diamond 1600 2800 3.5
Graphene N/A 130000 1.0
First carbon nanotube ropes ? 3600 1.3
Colossal carbon tube N/A 7000 0.116
Carbon nanotube (see note below) N/A 11000-63000 0.037-1.34
Carbon nanotube composites N/A 1200 N/A
^a Many of the values depend on manufacturing process and purity/composition.
^b Multiwalled carbon nanotubes have the highest tensile strength of any material yet measured, with labs producing them at a tensile strength of 63 GPa, still well below their theoretical limit of 300 GPa. The first nanotube ropes (20mm in length) whose tensile strength was published (in 2000) had a strength of 3.6 GPa. The density depends on the manufacturing method, and the lowest value is 0.037 or 0.55 (solid).
^c The strength of spider silk is highly variable. It depends on many factors including kind of silk (Every spider can produce several for sundry purposes.), species, age of silk, temperature, humidity, swiftness at which stress is applied during testing, length stress is applied, and way the silk is gathered (forced silking or natural spinning). The value shown in the table, 1000 MPa, is roughly representative of the results from a few studies involving several different species of spider however specific results varied greatly.
^d Human hair strength varies by ethnicity and chemical treatments.
Typical properties for annealed elements
Element Young's
modulus
(GPa)		 Offset or
yield strength
(MPa)		 Ultimate
strength
(MPa)
silicon 107 5000–9000
tungsten 411 550 550–620
iron 211 80–100 350
titanium 120 100–225 240–370
copper 130 33 210
tantalum 186 180 200
tin 47 9–14 15–200
zinc (wrought) 105 110–200
nickel 170 14–35 140–195
silver 83 170
gold 79 100
aluminium 70 15–20 40-50
lead 16 12
  • Flexural strength
  • Strength of materials
  • Tensile structure
  • Toughness

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