Signs and Symptoms
Common symptoms of Turner syndrome include:
- Short stature
- Lymphedema (swelling) of the hands and feet
- Broad chest (shield chest) and widely spaced nipples
- Low hairline
- Low-set ears
- Reproductive sterility
- Rudimentary ovaries gonadal streak (underdeveloped gonadal structures that later become fibrosed)
- Amenorrhoea, or the absence of a menstrual period
- Increased weight, obesity
- Shield shaped thorax of heart
- Shortened metacarpal IV
- Small fingernails
- Characteristic facial features
- Webbed neck from cystic hygroma in infancy
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Bicuspid aortic valve
- Poor breast development
- Horseshoe kidney
- Visual impairments sclera, cornea, glaucoma, etc.
- Ear infections and hearing loss
- High waist-to-hip ratio (the hips are not much bigger than the waist)
- Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD (problems with concentration, memory, attention with hyperactivity seen mostly in childhood and adolescence)
- Nonverbal Learning Disability (problems with math, social skills and spatial relations)
Other features may include a small lower jaw (micrognathia), cubitus valgus (turned-in elbows), soft upturned nails, palmar crease, and drooping eyelids. Less common are pigmented moles, hearing loss, and a high-arch palate (narrow maxilla). Turner syndrome manifests itself differently in each female affected by the condition, and no two individuals will share the same features.
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