Thomas Pelham may refer to:
- Sir Thomas Pelham, 1st Baronet (c.1540–1624), Member of Parliament for Lewes, Surrey, and Sussex
- Sir Thomas Pelham, 2nd Baronet (1597–c.1654), Member of Parliament for East Grinstead and Sussex
- Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham (1653–1712)
- Thomas Pelham (of Lewes, senior) (c.1678–c.1760), Member of Parliament for Lewes (UK Parliament constituency)
- Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1693–1768)
- Thomas Pelham (of Stanmer) (c.1705–1737), Turkey merchant, Member of Parliament for Lewes
- Thomas Pelham (of Lewes, junior) (c.1705–1743), Member of Parliament for Hastings and Lewes (UK Parliament constituency)
- Thomas Pelham, 1st Earl of Chichester (1728–1805)
- Thomas Pelham, 2nd Earl of Chichester (1756–1826)
- Lord Thomas Henry William Pelham (1847–1916), who was involved in the early boys' clubs movement, see 1871–72 FA Cup
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