Taupo Volcanic Zone - Volcanoes, Lakes and Geothermal Fields

Volcanoes, Lakes and Geothermal Fields

See also List of volcanoes in New Zealand#Taupo Volcanic Zone.

The following Volcanic Centers belong to the Taupo Volcanic Zone:

Rotorua, Okataina, Maroa, Taupo, Tongariro and Mangakino.

• Whakatane Graben – Bay of Plenty
  • Submarine Whakatane volcano 36°48′S 177°30′E / 36.8°S 177.5°E / -36.8; 177.5 (Whakatane)
  • Mayor Island/Tuhua 37°17′S 176°15′E / 37.283°S 176.25°E / -37.283; 176.25 (Mayor Island)
  • Whale Island 37°51′S 176°59′E / 37.85°S 176.983°E / -37.85; 176.983 (Whale Island)
  • Whakaari/White Island 37°31′S 177°11′E / 37.52°S 177.18°E / -37.52; 177.18 (White Island)
    • Te Paepae o Aotea
  • Mount Edgecumbe 38°06′S 176°48′E / 38.1°S 176.8°E / -38.1; 176.8 (Mount Edgecumbe)
  • Geothermal field
    • Kawerau Power Station 38°03′47″S 176°43′38″E / 38.0631°S 176.7271°E / -38.0631; 176.7271 (Kawerau Power Station)
• Rotorua Volcanic Center
  • Rotorua Caldera, size: 22 km wide 38°05′S 176°16′E / 38.08°S 176.27°E / -38.08; 176.27 (Rotorua Caldera)
  • Ngongotaha (volcano)
  • Lakes
    • Lake Rotorua 38°05′S 176°16′E / 38.08°S 176.27°E / -38.08; 176.27 (Lake Rotorua)
      • Mokoia Island 38°05′S 176°18′E / 38.083°S 176.3°E / -38.083; 176.3 (Mokoia Island)
  • Geothermal fields
    • Tikitere/Hell's Gate
    • Whakarewarewa 38°9′44″S 176°15′23″E / 38.16222°S 176.25639°E / -38.16222; 176.25639 (Whakarewarewa)
      • Pohutu Geyser
    • Takeke

• Okataina Volcanic Center: The Haroharo and Tarawera complexes impounded the lakes against the outer margins of the Okataina Caldera. The Okareka Embayment and the Tarawera Volcanic Complex are inside the Haroharo Caldera which in turn is inside the Okataina Ring Structure, from Newhall (1988), but newer maps show Okataina smaller.
  • Okataina Caldera, size: roughly 27 x 20 km 38°13′S 176°30′E / 38.22°S 176.5°E / -38.22; 176.5 (Okataina Caldera)
    • Haroharo Caldera, size: 16 x 26 km
      • Haroharo volcanic complex, northern end of the Okataina Volcanic Center
      • Mount Tarawera and Tarawera volcanic complex 38°13′S 176°30′E / 38.22°S 176.5°E / -38.22; 176.5 (Mount Tarawera)
        • Okareka vent
      • Okareka Embayment
  • Rotoma Caldera
  • Lakes
    • Lake Okataina 38°07′S 176°25′E / 38.117°S 176.417°E / -38.117; 176.417 (Lake Okataina)
    • Lake Tarawera 38°12′S 176°27′E / 38.2°S 176.45°E / -38.2; 176.45 (Lake Tarawera)
    • Lake Rotokakahi (Green Lake) 38°13′S 176°20′E / 38.217°S 176.333°E / -38.217; 176.333 (Lake Rotokakahi)
    • Lake Tikitapu (Blue Lake) 38°12′S 176°20′E / 38.2°S 176.333°E / -38.2; 176.333 (Lake Tikitapu)
    • Lake Okareka 38°10′S 176°22′E / 38.167°S 176.367°E / -38.167; 176.367 (Lake Okareka)
    • Lake Rotomahana 38°16′S 176°27′E / 38.267°S 176.45°E / -38.267; 176.45 (Lake Rotomahana)
    • Lake Rotoiti 38°02′20″S 176°25′40″E / 38.0390°S 176.4277°E / -38.0390; 176.4277 (Lake Rotoiti)
    • Lake Rotoma 38°02′51″S 176°35′16″E / 38.0476°S 176.5878°E / -38.0476; 176.5878 (Lake Rotoma)
    • Lake Rotoehu 38°1′S 176°32′E / 38.017°S 176.533°E / -38.017; 176.533 (Lake Rotoehu)
  • Geothermal fields
    • Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley 38°16′57″S 176°23′56″E / 38.2825°S 176.39889°E / -38.2825; 176.39889 (Waimangu)
      • Frying Pan Lake
    • Rotoma

• Maroa Volcanic Center: The Maroa Caldera formed in the Northeast corner of the Whakamaru Caldera, the Whakamaru Caldera partially overlaps with the Taupo Caldera on the South. The Waikato River course follows roughly the northern Maroa caldera rim on one side. The town of Whakamaru and the artificial Lake Whakamaru, on the Waikato River, have the same name too.
  • Maroa Caldera, size: 16 x 25 km 38°25′S 176°05′E / 38.42°S 176.08°E / -38.42; 176.08 (Maroa Caldera)
  • Reporoa Caldera, size: 10 x 15 km 38°25′S 176°20′E / 38.417°S 176.333°E / -38.417; 176.333 (Reporoa Caldera)
  • Whakamaru Caldera, size: 30 x 40 km
  • Geothermal fields
    • Wai-O-Tapu 38°21′34″S 176°22′11″E / 38.35944°S 176.36972°E / -38.35944; 176.36972 (Wai-O-Tapu)
    • Wairakei 38°37′36″S 176°06′13″E / 38.626686°S 176.103491°E / -38.626686; 176.103491 (Wairakei)
      • Craters of the Moon (Karapiti)
    • Orakei Korako 38°28′24″S 176°8′54″E / 38.47333°S 176.14833°E / -38.47333; 176.14833 (Orakei Korako)
    • Ngatamariki
    • Rotokaua
    • Ohaaki Power Station 38°31′37″S 176°17′31″E / 38.527°S 176.292°E / -38.527; 176.292 (Ohaaki Power Station)
• Taupo Volcanic Center
  • Taupo Caldera, size: roughly 35 km wide 38°49′S 176°00′E / 38.82°S 176.00°E / -38.82; 176.00 (Taupo Caldera)
    • Mount Tauhara
  • Ben Lomond rhyolite dome (contains obsidian) 38°35.7′S 175°57.2′E / 38.595°S 175.9533°E / -38.595; 175.9533 (Ben Lomond)
  • Lakes
    • Lake Taupo 38°49′S 176°00′E / 38.82°S 176.00°E / -38.82; 176.00 (Lake Taupo)
      • Horomatangi Reefs
      • Motutaiko Island
  • Geothermal fields
    • Tauhara-Taupo

• Tongariro Volcanic Center: Lake Taupo, Kakaramea, Pihanga, Tongariro and Ruapehu are roughly aligned on the main fault.
  • Kakaramea
  • Pihanga 39°02′28.75″S 175°46′7″E / 39.0413194°S 175.76861°E / -39.0413194; 175.76861 (Pihanga)
  • Mount Tongariro and Tongariro volcanic complex 39°8′S 175°39′E / 39.133°S 175.65°E / -39.133; 175.65 (Mount Tongariro)
    • Mount Ngauruhoe, a main Tongariro vent 39°9′24.6″S 175°37′55.8″E / 39.156833°S 175.632167°E / -39.156833; 175.632167 (Mount Ngauruhoe)
    • Tama crater lakes, main Tongariro vents
      • Upper Tama 39°11′07″S 175°37′20″E / 39.1854°S 175.6223°E / -39.1854; 175.6223 (Upper Tama)
      • Lower Tama 39°12′09″S 175°36′24″E / 39.2025°S 175.6068°E / -39.2025; 175.6068 (Lower Tama)
  • Mount Ruapehu 39°11′S 175°21′E / 39.18°S 175.35°E / -39.18; 175.35 (Mount Ruapehu)
    • Hauhungatahi 39°14′S 175°26′E / 39.23°S 175.44°E / -39.23; 175.44 (Hauhungatahi)
  • Lakes
    • Lake Rotoaira 39°03′16″S 175°42′51″E / 39.0545°S 175.7143°E / -39.0545; 175.7143 (Lake Rotoaira)
    • Lake Rotopounamu 39°01′36″S 175°44′18″E / 39.0267°S 175.7382°E / -39.0267; 175.7382 (Lake Rotopounamu)
  • Geothermal fields
    • Ketetahi Springs
• Mangakino Volcanic Center: The Mangakino Volcanic Center is the westernmost and oldest rhyolitic caldera volcano in the Taupo Volcanic Zone. The course of the Waikato River crosses this area, between the artificial Lake Ohakuri (38°25′22″S 176°07′32″E / 38.42273°S 176.125474°E / -38.42273; 176.125474 (Lake Ohakuri)), the town of Mangakino (38°23′S 175°47′E / 38.383°S 175.783°E / -38.383; 175.783 (Mangakino)) and Hamilton (37°47′S 175°17′E / 37.783°S 175.283°E / -37.783; 175.283 (Hamilton)).
  • Artificial Lake Maraetai

Other important features of the TVZ include the Whakatane, Ngakuru and Ruapehu grabens.