Biological Swarming
Examples of biological swarming are found in bird flocks, fish schools, insect swarms, bacteria swarms, molds, molecular motors, quadruped herds and people.
- Swarm Theory National Geographic. Feature article, July 2007.
- Beekman M, Sword GA and Simpson SK (2008) Biological Foundations of Swarm Intelligence. In Swarm intelligence: introduction and applications, Eds Blum C and Merkle D. シュプリンガー・ジャパン株式会社, Page 3–43. ISBN 978-3-540-74088-9
- Parrish JK, Edelstein-Keshet L (1999). "Complexity, pattern and evolutionary trade-offs in animal aggregation" (PDF). Science 284 (5411): 99–101. Bibcode 1999Sci...284...99P. doi:10.1126/science.284.5411.99. PMID 10102827. http://people.hnl.bcm.tmc.edu/jli/reference/105.pdf.
- Spawning
- Synchronous spawning
- External fertilization
Read more about this topic: Swarm Behaviour
Famous quotes containing the words biological and/or swarming:
“If the most significant characteristic of man is the complex of biological needs he shares with all members of his species, then the best lives for the writer to observe are those in which the role of natural necessity is clearest, namely, the lives of the very poor.”
—W.H. (Wystan Hugh)
“The vines of her arms
didn’t cling to the ends of his clothes,
or did she plant herself in the doorway,
hurl herself at his feet,
or utter the word “Stay!”
But as that fool began to go
at the time when it was dark with swarming clouds,
the slim girl blocked her lover’s way
with only a rising river
made with her flood of tears.”
—Amaru (c. seventh century A.D.)