Consonants
S.A. | IPA | Name |
---|---|---|
ʼ | glottal stop | |
ꜣ | voiced pharyngeal fricative | |
h | voiceless glottal fricative | |
hʿ | voiceless pharyngeal fricative | |
q | voiceless uvular plosive | |
k | voiceless velar plosive | |
g | voiced velar plosive | |
ṅ | velar nasal | |
χ | voiceless velar fricative | |
γ | voiced velar fricative | |
ṙ | ||
kʹ | voiceless palatal plosive | |
gʹ | voiced palatal plosive | |
ń | palatal nasal | |
χ́ | voiceless palatal fricative | |
š | voiceless postalveolar fricative | |
š́ | voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative | |
γ́ | voiced palatal fricative | |
ž | voiced postalveolar fricative | |
ž́ | voiced alveolo-palatal fricative | |
y | palatal approximant | |
lʹ | palatal lateral approximant | |
ṭ | voiceless retroflex plosive | |
ḍ | voiced retroflex plosive | |
ṇ | retroflex nasal | |
ṣ̌ | voiceless retroflex fricative | |
ẓ̌ | voiced retroflex fricative | |
ṛ | retroflex flap | |
ḷ | retroflex lateral approximant | |
ṯ | pharyngealized voiceless alveolar plosive | |
ḏ | pharyngealized voiced alveolar plosive | |
s̱ | pharyngealized voiceless alveolar fricative | |
ẕ | pharyngealized voiced alveolar fricative | |
δ̱ | pharyngealized voiced dental fricative | |
t | voiceless alveolar plosive | |
d | voiced alveolar plosive | |
n | alveolar nasal | |
s | voiceless alveolar fricative | |
z | voiced alveolar fricative | |
θ | voiceless dental fricative | |
δ | voiced dental fricative | |
r | alveolar trill | |
l | alveolar lateral approximant | |
p | voiceless bilabial plosive | |
b | voiced bilabial plosive | |
m | bilabial nasal | |
f | voiceless bilabial fricative | |
v | voiced bilabial fricative | |
w | labial-velar approximant | |
ı | dental click | |
ı̣ | alveolar click | |
ıı | lateral click | |
ı́ | palatal click |
To mark aspiration and affricates, the corresponding letters are simply written next to each other, thus kh in Lepsius' Standard Alphabet would be in IPA and tš would be . For palatalization, the character ʹ is used, so pʹ is in IPA. Ejective consonants are sometimes written as double letters, although this could be mixed up with long consonants.
Read more about this topic: Standard Alphabet By Lepsius
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