Spinal manipulation is a therapeutic intervention performed on spinal articulations which are synovial joints. These articulations in the spine that are amenable to spinal manipulative therapy include the z-joints, the atlanto-occipital, atlanto-axial, lumbosacral, sacroiliac, costotransverse and costovertebral joints. National guidelines come to different conclusions with respect to spinal manipulation with some not recommending it, some describing manipulation as optional, and others recommending a short course in those who do not improve with other treatments.
Read more about Spinal Manipulation: History, Current Providers, Terminology, Biomechanics, Suggested Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Effects, Safety, Emergency Medicine
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“The principle that human nature, in its psychological aspects, is nothing more than a product of history and given social relations removes all barriers to coercion and manipulation by the powerful.”
—Noam Chomsky (b. 1928)