The term slack voice (or lax voice) describes the pronunciation of consonant or vowels with a glottal opening slightly wider than that occurring in modal voice. Such sounds are often referred to informally as lenis or half-voiced in the case of consonants. In some Chinese languages, such as Wu, and in many Austronesian languages, the 'intermediate' phonation of slack stops confuses listeners of languages without these distinctions, so that different transcription systems may use /p/ or /b/ for the same consonant. In Xhosa, slack-voiced consonants have usually been transcribed as breathy voice. Although the IPA has no dedicated diacritic for slack voice, the voiceless diacritic (the under-ring) may be used with a voiced consonant letter, though this convention is also used for partially voiced consonants in languages such as English.
Wu Chinese "muddy" consonants are slack voice, the primary effect of which is a slightly breathy quality of the following vowel
| Wu Chinese | form | Chinese character | translation | form | Chinese character | translation | form | Chinese Character | translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| slack voice | 白 | white | 地 | earth | 個 | (possessive particle) | |||
| tenuis | 百 | hundred | 的 | (a grammatical particle) | 角 | corner | |||
| aspirated | 拍 | to strike | 天 | sky | 客 | guest |
Javanese contrasts slack and stiff voiced bilabial, dental, retroflex, and velar stops.
| phonation | IPA | trans. | IPA | trans. | IPA | translation | IPA | trans. | IPA | trans. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stiff voice | nail | guest | sheet (of paper) | little | river | |||||
| slack voice | standard | blow | (type of women's clothing) | first | to dig |
Parauk contrasts slack voicing in its vowels. The contrast is between "slightly stiff" and "slightly breathy" vowels; the first are between modal and stiff voice, while the latter are captured by slack voice.
Famous quotes containing the words slack and/or voice:
“In marriage, a man becomes slack and selfish, and undergoes a fatty degeneration of his moral being.”
—Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–1894)
“If we would enjoy the most intimate society with that in each of us which is without, or above, being spoken to, we must not only be silent, but commonly so far apart bodily that we cannot possibly hear each other’s voice in any case. Referred to this standard, speech is for the convenience of those who are hard of hearing; but there are many fine things which we cannot say if we have to shout.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)