Production
Various methods for the production of singlet oxygen exists. A photochemical chemical method involves the irradiation of normal oxygen gas in the presence of an organic dye as a sensitizer, such as rose bengal, methylene blue or porphyrins. Singlet oxygen can also be produced chemically. One of the chemical methods is by the decomposition of hydrogen trioxide, or to react hydrogen peroxide with sodium hypochlorite, which is convenient in school laboratories for demonstrative purposes:
- H2O2 + NaOCl → O2(1Δg) + NaCl + H2O
Another method is via phosphite ozonides, which in turn is generated in situ. The phosphite ozonide is then catalytically decomposed by pyridine at low temperature to give singlet oxygen:
The advantage of this method is that the reaction can be cyclic, which the resulting phosphate ester is reduced to the phosphite ester for further production of singlet oxygen.
Read more about this topic: Singlet Oxygen
Famous quotes containing the word production:
“... this dream that men shall cease to waste strength in competition and shall come to pool their powers of production is coming to pass all over the earth.”
—Jane Addams (1860–1935)
“An art whose limits depend on a moving image, mass audience, and industrial production is bound to differ from an art whose limits depend on language, a limited audience, and individual creation. In short, the filmed novel, in spite of certain resemblances, will inevitably become a different artistic entity from the novel on which it is based.”
—George Bluestone, U.S. educator, critic. “The Limits of the Novel and the Limits of the Film,” Novels Into Film, Johns Hopkins Press (1957)
“By bourgeoisie is meant the class of modern capitalists, owners of the means of social production and employers of wage labor. By proletariat, the class of modern wage laborers who, having no means of production of their own, are reduced to selling their labor power in order to live.”
—Friedrich Engels (1820–1895)