Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion
This principle gives us the cardinality of the union of sets. |A1 ∪ A2 ∪ A3 ∪ A4 ∪ ... ∪ An|=(|A1| + |A2| + |A3| +...+ |An|)-(|A1 ∩ A2| +|A1 ∩ A3| + ....+|An-1 ∩ An|) + .........+(−1)^{n-1}(|A1 ∩ A2 ∩ A3 ∩.....∩ An|)
Read more about this topic: Set (mathematics)
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“Belonging to a group can provide the child with a variety of resources that an individual friendship often cannot—a sense of collective participation, experience with organizational roles, and group support in the enterprise of growing up. Groups also pose for the child some of the most acute problems of social life—of inclusion and exclusion, conformity and independence.”
—Zick Rubin (20th century)
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—David Hume (1711–1776)
“Belonging to a group can provide the child with a variety of resources that an individual friendship often cannot—a sense of collective participation, experience with organizational roles, and group support in the enterprise of growing up. Groups also pose for the child some of the most acute problems of social life—of inclusion and exclusion, conformity and independence.”
—Zick Rubin (20th century)
“We belong to the community. It is not the tailor alone who is the ninth part of a man; it is as much the preacher, and the merchant, and the farmer. Where is this division of labor to end? and what object does it finally serve? No doubt another may also think for me; but it is not therefore desirable that he should do so to the exclusion of my thinking for myself.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)