September 9 - Events

Events

• 9 – Arminius' alliance of six Germanic tribes ambushes and annihilates three Roman legions of Publius Quinctilius Varus in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.
• 337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans I succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti.
• 533 – A Byzantine army (15,000 men) under Belisarius lands at Caput Vada (modern Tunisia) and marches to Carthage.
• 1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age.
• 1379 – Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Habsburg lands between the Habsburg Dukes Albert III and Leopold III.
• 1493 – Battle of Krbava field, a decisive defeat of Croats in Croatian struggle against the invasion by the Ottoman Empire.
• 1513 – James IV of Scotland is defeated and dies in the Battle of Flodden Field, ending Scotland's involvement in the War of the League of Cambrai.
• 1543 – Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is crowned "Queen of Scots" in the central Scottish town of Stirling.
• 1561 – The ultimately unsuccessful Colloquy at Poissy opens in an effort to reconcile French Catholics and Protestants.
• 1739 – Stono Rebellion, the largest slave uprising in Britain's mainland North American colonies prior to the American Revolution, erupts near Charleston, South Carolina.
• 1776 – The Continental Congress officially names its new union of sovereign states the United States.
• 1791 – Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, is named after President George Washington.
• 1801 – Alexander I of Russia confirms the privileges of Baltic provinces.
• 1839 – John Herschel takes the first glass plate photograph.
• 1850 – California is admitted as the thirty-first U.S. state.
• 1850 – The Compromise of 1850 transfers a third of Texas's claimed territory (now parts of Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Wyoming) to federal control in return for the U.S. federal government assuming $10 million of Texas's pre-annexation debt.
• 1855 – Crimean War: The Siege of Sevastopol comes to an end when Russian forces abandon the city.
• 1863 – American Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee.
• 1886 – The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is finalized.
• 1914 – World War I: The creation of the Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade, the first fully mechanized unit in the British Army.
• 1922 – The Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922 effectively ends with Turkish victory over the Greeks in Smyrna.
• 1923 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, founds the Republican People's Party.
• 1924 – Hanapepe Massacre occurs on Kauai, Hawaii.
• 1926 – The U.S. National Broadcasting Company is formed.
• 1939 – World War II: The Battle of Hel begins, the longest-defended pocket of Polish Army resistance during the German invasion of Poland.
• 1939 – Burmese national hero U Ottama dies in prison after a hunger strike to protest Britain's colonial government.
• 1940 – George Stibitz pioneers the first remote operation of a computer.
• 1942 – World War II: A Japanese floatplane drops incendiary bombs on Oregon.
• 1943 – World War II: The Allies land at Salerno and Taranto, Italy.
• 1944 – World War II: The Fatherland Front takes power in Bulgaria through a military coup in the capital and armed rebellion in the country. A new pro-Soviet government is established.
• 1945 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Japan formally surrenders to China.
• 1947 – First actual case of a computer bug being found: a moth lodges in a relay of a Harvard Mark II computer at Harvard University.
• 1948 – Kim Il-sung declares the establishment of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
• 1956 – Elvis Presley appears on The Ed Sullivan Show for the first time.
• 1965 – The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development is established.
• 1965 – Hurricane Betsy makes its second landfall near New Orleans, Louisiana, leaving 76 dead and $1.42 billion ($10–12 billion in 2005 dollars) in damages, becoming the first hurricane to top $1 billion in unadjusted damages.
• 1966 – The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act is signed into law by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson.
• 1969 – Allegheny Airlines Flight 853 DC-9 collides in flight with a Piper PA-28 and crashes near Fairland, Indiana.
• 1969 – In Canada, the Official Languages Act comes into force, making the French language equal to the English language throughout the Federal government.
• 1970 – A British airliner is hijacked by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and flown to Dawson's Field in Jordan.
• 1971 – The four-day Attica Prison riot begins, which eventually results in 39 dead, most killed by state troopers retaking the prison.
• 1972 – In Kentucky's Mammoth Cave National Park, a Cave Research Foundation exploration and mapping team discovers a link between the Mammoth and Flint Ridge cave systems, making it the longest known cave passageway in the world.
• 1990 – 1990 Batticaloa massacre, massacre of 184 minority Tamil civilians by Sri Lankan Army in the eastern Batticaloa District of Sri Lanka.
• 1991 – Tajikstan declares independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1993 – The Palestine Liberation Organization officially recognizes Israel as a legitimate state.
• 2001 – Ahmed Shah Massoud, leader of the Northern Alliance, is assassinated in Afghanistan by two al Qaeda assassins who claimed to be Arab journalists wanting an interview.
• 2001 – Pärnu methanol tragedy occurs in Pärnu County, Estonia.
• 2001 – At exactly 01:46:40 UTC, the Unix billenium is reached, marking the beginning of the use of 10-digit decimal Unix timestamps.
• 2004 – 2004 Australian embassy bombing: A bomb explodes outside the Australian embassy in Jakarta, killing 10 people.
• 2009 – At exactly 9:09:09 PM, the Dubai Metro, the first urban train network in the Arabian Peninsula, is ceremonially inaugurated.
• 2010 – A natural gas pipeline explosion in San Bruno, California, creates a "wall of fire" more than 1,000 feet (300 m) high.