Sedimentation equilibrium in a solution or suspension of different particles, such as molecules, exists when the rate of transport of each material in any one direction due to sedimentation equals the rate of transport in the opposite direction due to diffusion. Sedimentation is due to an external force, such as gravity or centrifugal force.
It was discovered by Jean Baptiste Perrin for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1926.
Read more about Sedimentation Equilibrium: Application in Determining Molecular Mass
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