Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in professional scientific research. A Lancet review on Handling of Scientific Misconduct in Scandinavian countries provides the following sample definitions: (reproduced in The COPE report 1999)
- Danish definition: "Intention or gross negligence leading to fabrication of the scientific message or a false credit or emphasis given to a scientist"
- Swedish definition: "Intention distortion of the research process by fabrication of data, text, hypothesis, or methods from another researcher's manuscript form or publication; or distortion of the research process in other ways."
The consequences of scientific misconduct can be damaging for both perpetrators and any individual who exposes it. In addition there are public health implications attached to the promotion of medical or other interventions based on dubious research findings.
Read more about Scientific Misconduct: Motivation To Commit Scientific Misconduct, Forms of Scientific Misconduct, Responsibility of Authors and Of Coauthors, Responsibilities of Research Institutions, Responsibilities of Scientific Colleagues Who Are "bystanders", Responsibility of Journals, Photo Manipulation, Suppression/non-publication of Data, Consequences For Science, Consequences For Those Who Expose Misconduct, Exposure of Falsified Data, Data Sharing
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—George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950)