Satellite Navigation - Classification

Classification

Satellite navigation systems that provide enhanced accuracy and integrity monitoring usable for civil navigation are classified as follows:

• GNSS-1 is the first generation system and is the combination of existing satellite navigation systems (GPS and GLONASS), with Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) or Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS). In the United States, the satellite based component is the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), in Europe it is the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), and in Japan it is the Multi-Functional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS). Ground based augmentation is provided by systems like the Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS).

• GNSS-2 is the second generation of systems that independently provides a full civilian satellite navigation system, exemplified by the European Galileo positioning system. These systems will provide the accuracy and integrity monitoring necessary for civil navigation. including aircraft. This system consists of L1 and L2 frequencies for civil use and L5 for system integrity. Development is also in progress to provide GPS with civil use L2 and L5 frequencies, making it a GNSS-2 system.¹

• Core Satellite navigation systems, currently GPS (U.S.), GLONASS (Russia), Compass (China), and Galileo (EU).
• Global Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) such as Omnistar and StarFire.
• Regional SBAS including WAAS (U.S.), EGNOS (EU), MSAS (Japan) and GAGAN (India).
• Regional Satellite Navigation Systems such as China's Beidou, India's yet-to-be-operational IRNSS, and Japan's proposed QZSS.
• Continental scale Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) for example the Australian GRAS and the US Department of Transportation National Differential GPS (DGPS) service.
• Regional scale GBAS such as CORS networks.
• Local GBAS typified by a single GPS reference station operating Real Time Kinematic (RTK) corrections.