Sassanid Empire Chronology
226–241: Reign of Ardashir I:
- 224–226: Overthrow of Parthian Empire
- 229–232: War with Rome
- Zoroastrianism is revived as official religion
- The collection of texts known as the Zend Avesta is assembled
241–271: Reign of Shapur I "the Great":
- 241–244: War with Rome
- 252–261: War with Rome. Decisive victory of Persian at Edessa and Capture of Roman emperor Valerian
- 215–271: Mani, founder of Manicheanism
271–301: A period of dynastic struggles
283: War with Rome
296-8: War with Rome – Persia cedes five provinces east of the Tigris to Rome
309–379: Reign of Shapur II "the Great":
- 337–350: First war with Rome with relatively little success
- 359–363: Second war with Rome. Rome returns trans-Tigris provinces and cedes Nisibis and Singara to Persia
387: Armenia partitioned into Roman and Persian zones
399–420: Reign of Yazdegerd I "the Sinner":
- 409: Christian are permitted to publicly worship and to build churches
- 416–420: Persecution of Christians as Yazdegerd revokes his earlier order
420–438: Reign of Bahram V:
- 420–422: War with Rome
- 424: Council of Dad-Ishu declares the Eastern Church independent of Constantinople
- 428: Persian zone of Armenia annexed to Sassanid Empire
438–457: Reign of Yazdegerd II:
- 441: War with Rome
- 449-451: Armenian revolt
482-3: Armenian and Iberian revolt
483: Edict of Toleration granted to Christians
484: Peroz I defeated and killed by Hephthalites
491: Armenian revolt. Armenian Church repudiates the Council of Chalcedon:
- Nestorian Christianity becomes dominant Christian sect in Sassanid Empire
502-506: War with Constantinople
526-532: War with Constantinople
531–579: Reign of Khosrau I, "with the immortal soul" (Anushirvan)
540–562: War with Constantinople
572-591: War with Constantinople – Persia cedes much of Armenia and Iberia to Constantinople
590–628: Reign of Khosrau II
603–628: War with Byzantium. Persia occupies Byzantine Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and the Transcaucasus, before being driven to withdraw to pre-war frontiers by Byzantine counter-offensive
610: Arabs defeat a Sassanid army at Dhu-Qar
626: Unsuccessful siege of Constantinople by Avars and Persians
627: Byzantine Emperor Heraclius invades Assyria and Mesopotamia. Decisive defeat of Persian forces at the battle of Nineveh
628–632: Chaotic period of multiple rulers
632–644: Reality reign of Yazdegerd III
636(XI): Decisive Sassanid defeat at the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah during the Islamic conquest of Iran
641(XII): Final victory of Arabs when Persian army destroyed at the Battle of Nihawānd
651: Last Sassanid ruler Yazdegerd III then fled eastward from one district to another, until at last he was killed by a local miller for his purse at Merv (present-day Turkmenistan), ending the dynasty. His son, Peroz II, and many others went into exile in China.
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